Tuesday, July 7, 2009

From Turkish Coffeehouse to Al Arabiya News Channel - The Evolution of the Online Public Sphere



The public sphere can be simply described as "a theater in modern societies in which political participation is enacted through the medium of talk", wherein individuals can freely engage in topics that are generally political. It gives average members of societies in which they have no real political weight the opportunity to share knowledge, debate and reflect- something which is democratic at heart, and gives those involved a sense of empowerment and political importance. Often times, the public sphere is a link between the public opinion it forms and political actions that reflect them. The public sphere has come in all shapes and sizes, from the European salons of the 18th and 19th century, to the Turkish coffeehouses of centuries ago. Today, with the two incredible phenomenon of the internet and globalization, the public sphere has morphed into something that transcends the nations in which they historically took place, the homogeneity of the people involved, and the topics discussed. Now people from across the globe can take part in discourse about current events and politics- some as speculators, some as observers, all as equals. I found a really poignant example of this in the website alarabiya.net, a web news channel that operates in Arabic, Farsi and English, wherein headlines and short articles of relevance ranging from the the Middle East to Technology to Culture are presented and commented upon by its many international readers.
The beauty and intrigue of Al Arabiya is the variety of the people who comment on said articles; these are the people that qualify Al Arabiya as a public sphere. Comments on this site, as opposed to those posted on other online public spheres like Slashdot, aren't posted immediately after the commentator presses send, but are instead subject to the review of mediators who work for the site. At first I thought this would put the cabosh on the multiplicity of the comments, so I checked out an article on Arab Israeli peace (one which I assumed would have completely varied opinions and wondered how many would be represented), and was amazed at the things I found. In no way were the comments what I would have expected knowing that they were previously being reviewed by an Arab news site before being posted. A brief overview of what I read included opinions ranging from "peace is but a dream", "Obama is a Zionist puppet", "Palestinian children need to stop being told that Jews are murderous pigs", a history of the persecution of Ashkenazi Jews, and "Hatred knows no logic". Each were posted by authors with Anglo names like Max and Andrew, Arabic names like Sherif and Esemerlda Mohamed, and symbolic names like Freedom. The range of English writing ranged from poor, conversation and native. Much of the posts were debate-like responses to previous posts, and all were generally on topic. If anything, they served as a good thermometer of international sentiment on the prospects of Arab-Israeli peace, as well as true show of how international availability and the openness of the internet has helped shape the public sphere into what it is today- something more multifaceted, heterogenous, and fascinating than what I can imagine it to have been in decades and centuries past. Here, online, men and women, from countries with and without freedom of speech or freedom of assembly can make declarations, accusations, suggestions; send messages of hope and anguish for the world to read; and no doubt understand that what they say will be read and taken seriously by other average world citizens and not-so-average politicos alike. Who knows what sort of effect these may have in the shaping of future world politics?
If you've ever read the comments on youtube videos, you can attest to the sheer lack of relevance and reverence that they represent. That is not a public sphere at its best, or even at all according to many, such as Habermas', definition. But sites like Al Arabiya are popping up everywhere, and for the first time in the history of the articulate world, may help reflect the views of peoples, ethnicities, regions the world over. If globalisation really takes its full course, then by definition these opinions should begin to homogenize. Is that a good thing or a bad thing? I'd like to look at it this way- we can't really place a judgemental title on these things, but if it means that they'll begin to look more alike because we'll begin to better understand the many things that we as humans actually value in common, and stop the differentiation that comes from isolated ignorance, then it can only be positive- no matter the outcome.